Fouling of heat exchanger pdf

The fouling layer on the heat transferring surface forms an additional heat conducting resistance and reduces the efficiency of the heat exchanger. The particulate fouling is influenced by the following factors. Fouling factors for a variety of typical thermal applications. Various studies have been carried out to study, analyse and predict its performance. Optimizing the acid dissolution of sodalite scale, sebastien fortin and raymond breault article. At some point the heat exchanger will need to be taken out of operation for cleaning.

Some research was done and the exchanger system designed and fabricated though not to completion. This increases the required heat transfer area for a given production capacity as well as the energy demand and thus ultimately increases co 2 emission. Heat exchanger fouling in phosphoric acid evaporators evaluation of field data, r. In wte plants, ash fouling is the result of several physical and chemical processes. The fouling resistances inside the phe are much lower than that inside the shell and tube heat exchanger. Jamialahmadi article pdf bayer process heat exchangers cleaning efficiency. It forms a very small coating that adds resistance to heat transfer. Other heat exchanger types are also installed in some facilities which are discussed elsewhere 12, 17. Such effects lead in most cases to production losses and increased maintenance costs. It is very detrimental to the heat exchanger performance since it leads to a loss of its thermal duty and an increase of its pressure drop.

Fouling of heat exchangers occurs in a variety of different industries. As a general definition, fouling is the deposition and accumulation of unwanted materials such as scale, algae, suspended solids, and insoluble salts on the internal or external surfaces of processing equipment, including boilers and heat exchangers 3. Fouling in heat exchangers 59 heat flux is high, as in steam generators, fouling can lead to local hot spots resulting ultimately in mechanical failure of the heat transfer surface. Engineering page heat exchangers typical fouling factors. Modelling exchangers with both tube and shellsides fouling are discussed in literature 18 however the associated fouling mechanisms are different. However, one major phenomenon that limits heat exchanger performance is attributed to fouling. The fouling factor adds surface area to the heat exchanger so it can continue to meet the required capacity even though the. Figure 2 shows the fouling resistances for cooling water inside a plate heat exchanger in comparison with fouling resistances on the tubeside inside a shell and tube heat exchanger for the same velocity.